This is a short post, only test results, fast one.
contabo: 8gb ram, 4 cores, 200 GB ssd
I used 4096 or 4GB file create because it has 8GB of ram, so I can test memory buffering more precisely.
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=4096 conv= fdatasync
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 36.8991 s, 116 MB/s
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=4096 conv=fdatasync
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 37.8602 s, 113 MB/s
root@vmi1020354:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=4096 conv=fdatasync
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 36.8998 s, 116 MB/s
root@me:/home/bench# echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
3
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 7.10167 s, 605 MB/s
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 2.89055 s, 1.5 GB/s
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.739187 s, 5.8 GB/s
root@vmi1020354:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.96881 s, 4.4 GB/s
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.616968 s, 7.0 GB/s
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.839934 s, 5.1 GB/s
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 | md5sum
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 10.3883 s, 413 MB/s
c9a5a6878d97b48cc965c1e41859f034 –
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 | md5sum
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 10.7808 s, 398 MB/s
c9a5a6878d97b48cc965c1e41859f034 –
root@me:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 | md5sum
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
c9a5a6878d97b48cc965c1e41859f034 –
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 10.6421 s, 404 MB/s
Next one is IONOS, $15 vps, 2 cores, 4gb ram, 120GB ssd
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=2048 conv=fda tasync
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 2.23139 s, 962 MB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=2048 conv=fdatasync
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 1.89381 s, 1.1 GB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=2048 conv=fdatasync
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 1.89822 s, 1.1 GB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
3
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=2048
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 3.07949 s, 697 MB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=2048
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 0.468549 s, 4.6 GB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=2048
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 0.40429 s, 5.3 GB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=2048
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 0.405475 s, 5.3 GB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=2048 | md5sum
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.34457 s, 402 MB/s
a981130cf2b7e09f4686dc273cf7187e –
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=2048 | md5sum
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.2883 s, 406 MB/s
a981130cf2b7e09f4686dc273cf7187e –
root@f937fdc:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=2048 | md5sum
2048+0 records in
2048+0 records out
a981130cf2b7e09f4686dc273cf7187e –
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 5.21028 s, 412 MB/s
root@f937fdc:/home/bench#
Last one is OVH dedicated server, 1245v2, 32GB ram, 480 SSD, RAID 1 setup
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dirdd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=10240 c onv=fdatasync
dirdd: command not found
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=10240 conv =fdatasync
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 26.3269 s, 408 MB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=10240 conv=fdatasync
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 24.3969 s, 440 MB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=10240 conv=fdatasync
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 26.0974 s, 411 MB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
3
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 25.6331 s, 419 MB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.55243 s, 6.9 GB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.29956 s, 8.3 GB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.29845 s, 8.3 GB/s
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240 | md5sum
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 17.0449 s, 630 MB/s
2dd26c4d4799ebd29fa31e48d49e8e53 –
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240 | md5sum
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 17.0233 s, 631 MB/s
2dd26c4d4799ebd29fa31e48d49e8e53 –
root@silverstar:/home/bench# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240 | md5sum
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 17.0109 s, 631 MB/s
2dd26c4d4799ebd29fa31e48d49e8e53 –
Hetzner cloud server
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# rm -rf disk*
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=10240 conv=fdatasync
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 9.36998 s, 1.1 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=10240 conv=fdatasync
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 8.70534 s, 1.2 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
3
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 7.81015 s, 1.4 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.68179 s, 6.4 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.11667 s, 9.6 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.08877 s, 9.9 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 1.08987 s, 9.9 GB/s
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240 | md5sum
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 21.989 s, 488 MB/s
2dd26c4d4799ebd29fa31e48d49e8e53 –
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240 | md5sum
10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
10737418240 bytes (11 GB, 10 GiB) copied, 22.2566 s, 482 MB/s
2dd26c4d4799ebd29fa31e48d49e8e53 –
root@ubuntu-4gb-fsn1-1:~#
Online E1220, 1TB, 8GB HDD
root@paris:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=4096 conv=fdatasync
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 44.5346 s, 96.4 MB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=4096 conv=fdatasync
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 42.4509 s, 101 MB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=diskbench bs=1M count=4096 conv=fdatasync
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 45.4053 s, 94.6 MB/s
root@paris:~# echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
3
root@paris:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 50.3786 s, 85.3 MB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.687469 s, 6.2 GB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.596215 s, 7.2 GB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.59084 s, 7.3 GB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=diskbench of=/dev/null bs=1M count=4096
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 0.590991 s, 7.3 GB/s
root@paris:~# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 | md5sum
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 8.73082 s, 492 MB/s
c9a5a6878d97b48cc965c1e41859f034 –
root@paris:~# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 | md5sum
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 8.07252 s, 532 MB/s
c9a5a6878d97b48cc965c1e41859f034 –
root@paris:~# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 | md5sum
4096+0 records in
4096+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 8.06932 s, 532 MB/s
c9a5a6878d97b48cc965c1e41859f034 –